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Scopus

Date of last update: 05. Oct 2021
Type

Full database

Provider
Elsevier
Accessibility

Licensed

Topic

Broad spectrum healthcare

Broad spectrum related/other fields

Health sciences, medicine, nursing science, natural sciences, technology, social sciences, arts, humanities.

Document type

Broad spectrum of document types

Books/book chapters

Journal articles

Research design

Broad spectrum of research designs

Region

International

Interface language

English

Multiple interface languages

Four other languages (German is not included).

Search language

English

Update

Daily

Special features

Misc
  • The database offers numerous statistics (e.g. publication period, authors, document type) on search results with a click on "Analyze search results" and detailed statistics and individual citation scores (e.g. number of citations, citation benchmarking, field-weighted citation impact) for individual references.
  • PlumX Metrics (measures of interactions with research results on the Internet in five categories, e.g. use in the form of clicks or downloads, citations or actions in the social media area).
  • Scopus offers the possibility to add the authors of a reference to the so-called "author list" in order to access or analyze them at a later date.

Basic functions

Search functions

Basic and advanced search

A search for specific authors ("Author search") and institutions ("Affiliation search") is also possible.

Boolean operators

AND, OR and ANDNOT.

Brackets
Wildcards

* (any number of characters), ? (exactly one character), both wildcards can be used at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the word. Several wildcards possible in one word.

Proximity operators

W/n (n is to be replaced with the maximum number of words separating two terms. The order of the words is not specified) and PRE/n (see above, but distance n between words with a specified order).

Exact word or phrase search

Distinction between

  • loose phrase: Use of quotation marks "" (search terms must be contained together in the title, abstract or index terms)
  • not a loose phrase: Use of brackets () (search terms can be contained separately in the title, abstract or index terms)
  • exact phrase: Use of braces {} (search for an exact phrase including stop words, spaces and punctuation) Except for the search "exact phrase", a simultaneous use of wildcards and brackets is possible and the plural and different spelling variants of the search term are automatically searched.
Search in all fields
Search in title
Search in abstract

The simultaneous search in title and abstract is possible via the search command "Article title, Abstract, Keywords".

Search in other fields
Search with search commands
Search with controlled vocabulary

Scopus allows searches in keyword fields, but does not have its own keyword system. Further information can be found under index term search.

Forward citation searching
Backward citation searching

Filter functions

Filter by publication date

The publication date can only be narrowed down to the year.

Filter by topic
Filter by research design
Filter by document type

E.g. Article, Review, Book Chapter.

Filter by country/region
Filter by language
Additional filters

E.g. Open access, Author name, Keywords, Publication level (final article or "Article in Press").

Multiple filters simultaneously

In the left-hand section of the hit list, you can limit or exclude publications with certain properties.

Display of search results

Results sortable by date

"Date (newest)" or "Date (oldest)".

Results sortable by relevance
Results sortable by author

Alphabetically ascending or descending by first author.

Results sortable by journal

Alphabetically ascending or descending by journal title.

Results sortable by title
Additional sorting

By number of citations: "Cited by (highest)" or "Cited by (lowest)".

Adjustable number of hits per page

The number of hits displayed per page can be set to 20, 50, 100, 200.

Search process and export

Search history
Alert service for new result

Via e-mail and/or RSS feed.

Export of single hits
Export of all hits at once

Support functions

Free user account
Notification for search string errors

Error message for missing brackets, missing quotation marks and incorrect operators or search fields. No correction of typing errors.

Help section

Help area and tutorials under "Help" and for selected fields under "?".

Help section in German

Special functions

Important search commands

TITLE

Search term is searched for in the title.

Example: TITLE(nursing)
TITLE-ABS-KEY

Search terms are searched for in the title, abstract and index terms.

Example: TITLE-ABS-KEY(nursing)
AFFIL

Search term is searched in the following address fields of the authors: city, country, organization. In the search, you can specify whether all terms must be found in the same affiliation.

Example: If all terms should be in the same affiliation: AFFIL(berlin AND hospital)If the terms can be in different affiliations of a document: AFFIl(berlin) AND AFFIL(hospital)

Controlled vocabulary

Scopus does not have its own keyword system. The index term search is based on the index terms assigned by the authors or journals or on the basis of other controlled vocabularies. It should be noted that despite the assignment of index terms, no hierarchically structured and controlled search is possible as with a keyword system.

In the "Advanced" search mode, a distinction can be made between "Author Keywords" and "Indexed Keywords". "Author Keywords" are keywords that are assigned by authors or the journals of a document. "Indexed Keywords" are keywords that are derived from controlled vocabulary in other databases (e.g. MeSH, Emtree) and are assigned to the entries by Scopus. "Indexed keywords take into account synonyms, different spellings and plural forms. Further information on this can be found here: Link.

They can be entered using the following search commands.

AUTHKEY

Only for "Author Keywords".

Example: AUTHKEY(nursing)
INDEXTERMS

Only for "Indexed Keywords".

Example: INDEXTERMS(Neoplasms)
KEY

For "Author Keywords" and "Indexed Keywords" together.

Example: KEY(Hospitals)

Citation searching

Due to its special functions, the database is suitable for forward and backward literature searches. This can be based on one or more references, as described below. The procedure is different for forward and backward searches.

Backward citation searching

If you want to search backwards from a reference, you should navigate to the single view of the intended reference.
Below the bibliographic information of a reference, the cited references are listed, which can be marked ("All") and exported (see Export).
Situations in which a backward search based on several references is indicated can occur, for example, in the context of systematic reviews, if a backward citation searching is to be carried out based on the included hits.

  1. In order to carry out the forward search from several references as quickly as possible, the DOIs of the intended references (in the case of a literature review, these would be hits that have already been included) must be merged into a search string in Scopus. The principle here is to join the DOIs with the OR operator and enter them in the "Advanced Search".
  2. Using three randomly selected references, this would be the entry DOI(10.1080/02673843.2020.1711529) OR DOI(10.1080/16549716.2020.1711618) OR DOI(10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102261) in the "Advanced Search".
  3. You then receive three hits.
  4. All three must be marked with a tick above the hit list.
  5. The references cited by the three hits (backwards search) can be obtained by clicking on "..." in the menu above the hits and then clicking on "View references".
  6. The resulting hits (citing references) can now be exported in a further step (see Export).

Forward citation searching

If you want to perform a forward search starting from a reference, you should navigate to the individual view of the intended reference. Starting from a single reference, the forward search can be carried out using the "Cited by" or "View all citing documents" search mode in the right-hand column next to a reference entry. In the next step, these can be marked ("All") and exported (see Export). In addition to the forward search, a "Citation alert" can be set up for a notification when the selected reference has been cited. Situations in which a forward search based on several references is displayed can occur, for example, in the context of systematic reviews, if a forward citation searching is to be carried out based on the included hits.

  1. In order to carry out the forward search from several references as quickly as possible, the DOIs of the intended references (in the case of a literature review, these would be hits that have already been included) must be combined to form a search string in Scopus. The principle here is to join the DOIs with the OR operator and enter them in the "Advanced Search".
  2. Using three randomly selected references, this would be the entry DOI(10.1080/02673843.2020.1711529) OR DOI(10.1080/16549716.2020.1711618) OR DOI(10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102261) in the "Advanced Search".
  3. You then receive three hits.
  4. All three must be marked with a tick ("All") above the hit list.
  5. The "View cited by" function is then available and clicking on it will display all references citing these three hits (forward search).
  6. The resulting hits (citing references) can now be exported in a further step (see Export).

Export of results

Export of single hits

  • Click on the hits to be exported.
  • Click on "Export" (above the hits).
  • Select export format.
  • Select the type of information to be exported.
  • Click on "Export".
  • All further steps depend on the web browser and reference management software used. Alternatively, hits can be added to a list and then exported. It is also possible to create a reference list in different citation styles for selected documents.

Export of all hits at once

Only a maximum of 20,000 hits can be exported in RIS format with a limited amount of information. If there are a large number of hits, a link will be sent by e-mail for downloading.

  1. Click on "All" above the hits.
  2. Click on "Export" (above the hits).
  3. Select export format.
  4. Select the type of information to be exported.
  5. Click on "Export".
  6. All further steps depend on the web browser and reference management software used. Alternatively, hits can be added to a list and then exported. It is also possible to create a reference list in different citation styles for selected documents.

Export of all hits (alternative)

Date
Task
Draft
Review
13. May 2018
Erstellung
Sorber, M.
Hirt, J.
30. Sep 2020
Aktualisierung
Hirt, J.
05. Oct 2021
Aktualisierung
Hirt, J.
05. Oct 2024
Aktualisierung
Hirt, J.
Date of last update: 05. Oct 2021
Next update: Oct 2027
Suggested citation:
Sorber, M., Hirt, J. (2021): Scopus. In: Nordhausen, T., Hirt, J. RefHunter. Systematic literature search.https://refhunter.org/en/database_sheets/scopus/ [Access on: 12.06.2026]